What Is Tarsal Tunnel Syndrome?

Similar to Morton’s Neuroma, tarsal tunnel syndrome is a type of nerve entrapment. It can impact the sensations and movement of the foot. Understanding the causes and symptoms of tarsal tunnel syndrome can help identify this condition before it results in permanent (and irreversible) nerve damage. 

What Causes Tarsal Tunnel Syndrome

There is a narrow space on the inside of the ankle, right next to the ankle bone. This is the tarsal tunnel. The tarsal tunnel is covered by a ligament, which helps to protect the arteries, veins, nerves, and tendons inside the tunnel. One of these nerves is called the posterior tibial nerve.

Tarsal tunnel syndrome occurs when the posterior tibial nerve becomes pinched or compressed. This could be caused by a number of factors, including:

  • Flat Feet: People with flat feet are more likely to develop tarsal tunnel syndrome. This is due to the outward tilt of their heel, which can produce strain on the posterior tibial nerve.

  • Diseases: Diabetes or arthritis causes swelling around the ankles, which can result in nerve compression. 

  • Injury: Certain injuries, such as an ankle sprain, can cause inflammation and swelling that compress the nerve.

  • Abnormal Structures: A cyst, swollen tendon, bone spur, or enlarged vein in the tarsal tunnel can cause pinching on the posterior tibial nerve.

Because of its position, constant compression to the posterior tibial nerve can affect the normal movements of your foot. If Tarsal tunnel syndrome is not properly diagnosed or treated, it could result in permanent damage to the nerve.

What are the Symptoms of Tarsal Tunnel Syndrome?

Tarsal tunnel syndrome can affect the foot, ankle, and lower leg. Symptoms can vary for each patient but typically include the following:

  • Pain, sharp and shooting

  • Tingling, similar to an eclectic shock

  • A burning sensation

  • Numbness, like pins and needles

Some patients report a gradual progression of symptoms while other patients say the symptoms began suddenly. Symptoms of tarsal tunnel syndrome can worsen with physical activity, but, once it becomes a long-standing issue, will appear even when you are at rest.

If caught early enough, conservative treatments are enough to manage tarsal tunnel syndrome. Conservative treatment options are often used in combination and include:

  • Physical therapy

  • Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs 

  • Rest

  • Ice

  • Steroid injections  

  • Bracing

  • Custom shoe inserts

In extreme cases, Dr. Elton and his team may recommend surgery to release the pressure on the tarsal tunnel.

Treatment for Tarsal Tunnel Syndrome In Eagle and Summit County

Contact Dr. Elton today to identify the cause of your tarsal tunnel syndrome. Together, he and his team will work with you to create a treatment plan that gets you back to doing the activities you love.

Request an appointment with Dr. Elton at his Frisco, Vail, and Edwards, Colorado offices by calling 970-476-7220. 

Rachael ProtasVail Summit Orthopaedics & Neurosurgery